Watee



(No Model.) 2 Sheets-Sheet 1.

\ E. LIVERMORE.

FURNAGE POR'GONSUMING SMOKE AND HEATING WATER.

Patemtedy Man, 1883.

(No Model.) 2 Sheets-Sheet. 2. E. LIVBRMORE.

PURNACE FOR GONSUMING SMOKE AND HEATING WATER'. No. 274,450. Patented Mar. 20, 1883.

mamar. flaw/Zal? UNITED STATES EDV/'ARD JIVERMORE, O F NEW YORK, N. Y., ASSIGNOR TO HORACE GALPEN, OF SAME PLACE.

FURNACE FOR CONSUNHNG SMOKE-AND' HEATING ifi/ATER.,

SPECIFCATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 274,450, dated March 20, 1883.

Applicationrlcd August 11,1882. (Noniodel.) Y

To all whom it may concer-n:

Be it known that I, EDWARD Inventions, of New York, in the county of New York and Statel of New York, have invented certain new and useful improvements in Furnaces for Consuming Smoke and Heating Water; and Ido hereby declare that the following is afull, clear, and exact description of the invention, which will enable others skilled in the art to whichit appertains tomake and use the same, reference being had to the accompanying drawings, and to the letters of reference marked thereon, whichA form part ot' this specification.

My invention relates to improvements in steamboiler and other furnaces, but has referencemore especially to the furnace-s ot' stationary boilers for evaporating purposes, heating or roasting ores, and other manufacturing purposes.

The objects of the invention are to accelerate to the greatest possible extent the generation of steam, to diminish the consumption of fuel in proportion to the quantity of water evaporated, and to more eftectually consume the smoke and waste gases.

In rapidly-burning combustion-chambers carbureted gas is rapidly developed 5 but unless it is rapidly utilized by combining it with oxygen a portion is entirely lost. Greater rapidity of combustion has consequently heretofore been attended with a great loss of fuel passing oi' as waste gases, and such is the case when this accelerated combustion is obtained by means of chimney-draft alone.

1 am aware thatarticial draft provided by fans, steam-jet blowers, and other means has been employed with more or less advantage to accelerate combustion; but when the blast is discharged underneath the grates of furnaces (the usual mode) it involves the rapid destruction ofthe tire-bars. The objects to be gained, therefore, are the greatest possible rapidity in the decomposition ofthe fuel, and at the same time to give such an amount of oxygen, and so distributed, as shall be best calculated to insure its perfect combination with the carbureted gases given oif in process of decomposition ofthe fuel, in order that perfect combustion of the fuel is effected. This result is attained by means of my invention.

To this end my invention consists in the employment of anI artificial blast introduced through conduits located in the side walls of the furnace, and ruiming transversely7 across the furnace in conduits protected by fire-clay or other refractory material, held in place by transverse and vertical water pipes or tubes.

It further consists in conveying a blast of air 'to the tire through hollow grate-bars, and thence through an air-conduit in the bridge-Y wall, by which the air is thrown into a contracted throat at such point, and in combination with the combined steam and hot-air blast coming through the betere-described conduit-s and emitted from 'the side ot' the throat, by which the combined blasts are more intimate 1y mixed for the more perfect combustion ot all the gases. I also convey a portion of the blast to the entrance of the iiue im mediatcly intron t of the suspended bridge over the incandescent fuel by jets from a perforated pipe running transversely through the pendent partition or bridge, which is elevated 'above the tire in order that the blast shall be distributed so as to insure the complete admixture of the gases for effecting nearly complete combustion. lo supply the rear combustion-chamber back of the bridge-wall with air I maire perl'oratious in the bridge-wall under the grate. It will be observed that the air, before it reaches the point ot' contact with ,the carbureted and liberated gases, acquires a high degree ot' heat.

For the betterunderstanding of my invention, and to more perfectlyillustrate the same, I will proceed to describe the accompanying' drawings, in which- Figure l illustrates a side view of my improved boiler-setting, it heilig partly in section and partly in elevation. Fig. 2 shows a horizontal section through theheating and pipe-protecting wall, and through one of the heating-pipes a plan view ot' the transverse wall. Fig. 3 shows a vertical cross-section through the transverse wall, clearly illustrating the construction and arrangement of the vertical and transverse water-pipes which holdthe wall or lire-brick material from disintegrating. This figure also shows the air-heating pipes running` across the wall and their controlling-damper. Fig. l shows a like construction and arrangement ot' air and steam heatin g conduits, transverse suspended parti tion, and delivery-jets as that shown by Fig.

` 1, Sheet l, but without the nestfof water-sus1 taining walls. Fig. 5 shows a horizontal sec- `tion taken on a line through the furnace of Fig.

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4. Fig. 6 shows the contour of the side pipes when located in the side and cross walls. Fig. 7 shows a perspective view of the steam-supply pipe and register, with elongated holes to enable the register to slide over the steam-pipe.

The same letters denote like parts in all the figures.

Ais the boiler; B, the furnace; C, ythe inner side walls inclosin g airand steam pipes; D,

hollow grate-bars; E E, water-cylinders running vtransversely across the furnace, their ends resting in the side walls thereof. These water-cylinders E play an important part in the construction of my furnace, as they support the series of vertical water-tubes, and also the transverse wall which incloses the hot-air .and steam pipes, as well as the means of circulation, and through which the boiler is to be blown off. v

F is the circulating-pipe, connecting to the blow-off G at one end and to the steam-delivery pipe at the other end.

G is the sediment blow-off pipe, perforated its entire length, so that the sedimentary deposits are blown from all parts of the bottom of the boiler.

I-I is the outside connecting-pipe, and I steam-delivery pipe, perforated on its lower side. The object of perforating the steampipe in this way is to separate the steam from the water. The steam generated in the watercylinders of course is what may he termed wet or saturated steam, and when K thrown downwardly, as shown, the steam, being lighter, ascends, while the water by its specific gravity falls, and thus the separation is complete. Ialso place the end of the delivery-pipe as far from the steam-dome as possible, so that all the water will be separated from the steam before it reaches the dome. Y JY J are air-heating pipes running circuitously back and forward through the transverse partition-wall and terminating in nozzles facing toward the furnace-door. I find it important to supply the half-burning mass of fuel in the front chamber with highly-heated air. rThe air and gases readily unite at certain temperatures, and are in this mixed state carried under the partition into the throat, where they are met by other series of mixed highly-heated air and steam jets. The flame at this point-viz., the narrowed throatis so intensely hot that all` the mixture of carbureted gases, highlyheated air, and superheated steam is completely consumed, so that no smoke is formed, and thereby avoided. e

(l and K represent a series of steam and air pipes embedded in brick-clay or other refractory material, and are partly supported by the water-pipes F F, and partly by a projection running along the side walls of the furnace. These pipes are shown detached by Fig. 6. They runalong theinside of the walls, and then turn across the bridge-wall to the opposite sides of the furnace, where they deliver jets of air and steam opposite each other, and thus while the gases are passing through the throat furnace.

they are met by these mingling gases, ignited, and entirely consumed.

L is the throat of the furnace, formed by the bridge-wall, the side-perforated walls, and the transverse wall, and arranged in such manner that all the gases are compelled to pass through it and through a shower of jets of combustible gases, whereiny they are consumed.

M M are the side arch walls for the support of the air and steampipes and their covering. This covering is simply,mortar,or some reproof plastic material which will withstand intense heat. The object of the wall is to protect the air and steam supply pipes from thev intense heat of the fire, and at the same time transmit sufficient heat to highly heat the air and superheat the steam. The pipes and side walls are held firmly' in place by tie-bolts, as shown.

N is the rear combustion-chamber, and is supplied with atmospheric air through the bridge-wall at f; but, as a general thing, combustion is complete when the heat reaches the chamber N P is the transverse hanging wall; or it may be supported on water-pipes or other suitable means. This wall or partition is formed 'between two sets of water-pipes in the following manner: After the water-pipes are in position air and steam pipes are then run across at rightangles to the water-pipes. Fire-clay mortar is then filled in between the pipes, which completely covers and `protects them from the intense heat of the fire. In Fig. 4 the transverse wall is supported bythe air-pipes and the side wall of the furnace, as well as with the water-circulating pipes. It will be observed that the grate-bars are hollow, and that an additional supply of hot air is supplied through them, passing through a conduit'in the bridgewall, and then supplied at the throat of the In this way the fuel is supplied with hot air from the sides,from thefront, and from under the throat in regulated quantities, which assures complete combustion of the fuel-gases, in which smoke may specially be included.

In using a steam-jet blast advantageously for creating the required amount of air-blast I apply one steam-blower for every two adjacent air-pipes. The number of dischargers to IOO IIO

be placed in one furnace of a steam-boiler will v necessarily depend on the power and size ot' the boiler required. The object is to produce many points of direct contact, so as to procure a better commingling for incandescence and complete union of the elements of combustion. Thus we have superheated steam and hot air injected simultaneously into the throat out of each side or jacket of the duplex ejeetors, mixing the elements of combustion, thus causing the more complete combustion of the smoke and all the gases. I

Circulation of the water and clean boilersheets are two important factors in the generation of steam. If the water is sluggish in its circulation, good results will not follow, as circulation is necessary to carry the heat from all.

tially as described.

the generatingsurfaces to the portions of the boiler that are not so hot. If the boiler-plate is covered with precipitate or sedimentary deposit, the transmission of heat through the plate must be very slow, as is Well known to engineers. To provide good circulation and clean boiler-sheets are notable objects of my invention.

Having described my invention and the means of utilizing and operating the same, what I claim as new, and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is-

1. The combination, in a furnace for con- .suming smoke and Waste gases, of a series of influent air and steam pipes extending around in front of the bridge-wall to the opposite side of the furnace and terminating atthe partition-wall l), said pipes being embedded in lire-proof material and perforated, and arranged to throw mingled jets of heated steam and air from each side ofthe furnace and in,

violent contact with each other within the throat L, for the better admixture and consumption ot' the gases, substantiallyas described.

In a steamgenerator, the combination, with the boiler, of a series of vessels connected together, and having Water-tubes ascending therefrom and communicating with the Waterspace of the boiler, said ascending tubes being arranged in such manner as to form a space between them for a dre-Wall, the said tubes and vessels being arranged across the furnace, forming a partition near the throat thereof, substantially as described.

3. An improvement in boiler furnaces vfor burning smoke and generating steam, consisting of the tubular side walls having alternate steam and air pipes extending around and in front ofthe bridge-Wall, and a transverse partition composed of water-pipes and refractory materials, said parts forming a contracted throat, the partition bein gprovided witlrtransverse air-pipes for heating and feedin g air to the furnace infront ot' the partition, substan- 4. The combination, in a boiler-furnace, of the tubular side walls, for heating air and snperheating steam, with the transverse partition constructed as described, and with-the water supporting and circulating pipes so arranged yas to partially support the tubular Walls and cause circulation through the partition-pipes, substantially as shown.

5. The combination, with a furnace for consuming smoke and generating steam, of the as described.

transverse partition 'located in fire-box, constructed of water-pipes, air-pipes, and refractory material, said partition being arranged to be partially supported by the side walls of the furnace and the Wateroirculating pipes,

G. The combination, in a furnace for steamboilers and for supplying aircthereto, of the side air and steam pipes arranged and perforated asdescribed, the hollow gratebarscom municating vvith the throat ot' the furnace through the bridge Wall, and the cross airpipes in the partition, all arranged for themore perfect combustion of fuel, substantially as described.

7. The combination, in steam-boiler furnaces,of the side fire-Walls, partially supported by brackets (see Fig. 3) and partly by water-pipes F, with the transverse partition arranged between the Water pipes or tubes, and with the vessels or cylinders E, adapted to support said partition, for the purpose set forth.

8. In a steamboiler furnace, the combination of the transverse pipes and short vertical pipes, the bottom set in rows and adapted to 4hold a fire-wall between them, the upper series of transverse pipes having ascending tubes connected to the waterspace of the boiler, and the lower series or cylinders having connections with the bottom and top water-space ot' the boiler for the reception ofvvater and discharge of steam, substantially as described.

9. The combination, in a boiler-furnace, ot' the'side tubular walls, the rear tubular Wall, and the bridge-wall extending to near the wa.- ter-line of the boiler, with the partition-Wall supported as described, said walls being provided with steam and air heating tubes, substantially as described.

10. The combination, in a steam-boiler furnace, of the side heating tubular Walls,hav ing alternate steam and air heating pipes, with the transverse partition-wall, also having steam and air heating pipes, each of said Walls being provided with iiidependent regi'sters for controlling the supply ot' air and steam passing through them, the ends of said side walls and the partition-wall being arranged IOO to form anarrowed throat, substantially as described, for the purpose of consuming the gases passing through said throat.

l1. The combination, with the furnace cfa steamboiler,of the transverse Water-cylind ers,

the vertical pipes connecting the same, the ascending pipes connecting the said cylinders to the boiler, the longitudinal pipes F, and the inner pipes, G and I, perforated as described,

and `operati n g as and for the purpose set forth.

12. 'The combination, in a steam-boiler furnace having tubular side firewalls, ot external registers for controlling the supply ot' air to the tubes therein, the walls `also having steam-tubes for supplying superheated steam to the throat of the furnace, and steanrnozzle for supplying said tubes, the sliding covers of said registers being provided with elongated holes, for allowing the reciprocating movements of the slide Without interfering with the steam-nozzles passing through them,in the manner set forth.

In testimony that l claim the foregoing as my own I affix my signature in presence ol'tu'o witnesses.

.'Witnesses: EDWARD LIVERMGRE.

Anonsfrns DAVIS, M. P. CALLAN.

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